Eye diseases affect millions of people worldwide, making early detection crucial for preserving vision. Glaucoma, often called the “silent thief of sight,” progressively damages the optic nerve and can lead to irreversible vision loss without noticeable symptoms in early stages. Age-related macular degeneration affects central vision and is a leading cause of blindness in older adults. Diabetic retinopathy threatens the vision of those with diabetes, causing damage to blood vessels in the retina. Cataracts, the clouding of the eye’s natural lens, develop gradually and affect quality of life. Optometrists play a vital role in detecting these conditions early through routine eye examinations and can initiate treatment or refer patients to ophthalmologists for surgical intervention.